This paper revisits one of the first models of analog computation, the General Purpose Analog Computer . In particular, we restrict our attention to the improved model presented in [11] and we show that it can be further refined. With this we prove the following: the previous model can be simplified; it admits extensions having close connections with the class of smooth continuous time dynamical systems. As a consequence, we conclude that some of these extensions achieve Turing universality. Finally, it (...) is shown that if we introduce a new notion of computability for the GPAC, based on ideas from computable analysis, then one can compute transcendentally transcendental functions such as the Gamma function or Riemann's Zeta function. (shrink)

In this paper it will be shown that a substantial conception of semantics, one that does not regard semantic phenomena as subsumed under pragmatic ones, is necessary to account for what cries out for an explanation regarding the old problem of the semantic relevance of the referential/attributive distinction, as applied to singular definite descriptions. I consider some alternative proposals to deal with the data, showing why they are wrong, and I finish by establishing that some arguments that allegedly derive the (...) conclusion that some substantial conception of semantics is basically wrong, simply beg the question against their opponents, assuming a form of the very conclusion they want to vindicate. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca del lugar del “pensamiento computacional” en el discurso pedagógico en Argentina, especialmente en el nivel inicial. Para ello, tomamos referencias bibliográficas y ofrecemos algunos ejemplos tomados de algunos diseños curriculares que hacen referencia a esta categoría. La hipótesis que se despliega en la primera parte del escrito apunta a señalar algunas implicancias que la metáfora del ordenador- acuñada por la psicología cognitiva- tiene al momento de pensar al sujeto que aprende. En un (...) segundo momento, se abordan las relaciones entre el “pensamiento computacional” y otros modelos de pensamiento que suelen acompañar las propuestas de los diseños curriculares (pensamiento crítico, creativo, reflexivo, complejo, expresivo, etc.) En un tercer momento se plantea la pregunta acerca de las posibles implicancias políticas que la promoción del “pensamiento computacional” puede tener en relación a los procesos de mercantilización de los discursos y prácticas educativas. (shrink)

Teachers’ conceptions about the origin of life in three Latin American countries with contrasting levels of secularism were analyzed: Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. A European survey questionnaire was used and the interpretation of the results drew on Barbour's four categories concerning the relationships of science and religion. A large majority of Argentinian and Uruguayan teachers were clearly evolutionist, even when believing in God, with no difference between Argentina and Uruguay. The majority of Brazilian teachers assumed a religious position about the (...) origin of life, being creationist or evolutionary creationist. Differences of Brazilian teachers’ conceptions may result from the higher percentage of evangelicals and lower proportion of agnostics/atheists. Brazilian Catholic teachers were more creationist than their Catholic colleagues in Argentina and Uruguay. Distinct patterns were found, but further research is needed to understand possible classroom impacts. (shrink)

The programme PIBID-EA intends to closer licensees of undergraduate teaching courses with the reality of public schools. By promoting the teacher-researcher training on the basis of implementing collaborative actions between universities and partner schools it aims at encouraging critical questioning of environmental issues, providing appropriate conditions for PIBID-EA-grant fellows initiate school teaching. University lecturers, elementary school supervisors and the school community collaborate in partnership to improve knowledge and develop values and skills for students acting in favour of sustainable society, where (...) Environmental Education is one of the main issues. The partnership acts collectively in the school field, establishing interfaces with social and environmental issues as follows: didactic monitoring, study of the environment and action research. From the interfaces of these actions, three priority axes were elected for the development of socio-environmental activities. Firstly, the “Consolidation of the Committee on Environment and Quality of Life in School”; The second priority axis is the“Construction of Agenda 21 at School”inally, the third axis is the “Youth in Action Project.”. (shrink)

This interdisciplinary volume brings together specialists from different backgrounds to deliver expert views on the relationship between morality and emotion, putting a special emphasis on issues related to emotional shocks. One of the distinctive aspects of social existence today is our subjection to traumatic events on a global scale, and our subsequent embodiment of the emotional responses these events provoke. Covering various methodological angles, the contributors ensure careful and heterogeneous reflection on this delicate topic. With eleven original essays, the collection (...) spans a wide variety of fields from philosophy and literary theory, to the visual arts, history, and psychology. The authors cover diverse themes, including philosophical approaches to political polarization; the impact of negative emotions such as anger on inter-relational balance; humour and politics; media and the idea of progress; photography and trauma discourse; democratic morality in modern Indian society; emotional olfactory experiences; phenomenological readings of spatial disorientation, and the significance of moral shocks. This timely volume offers crucial perspectives on contemporary questions relating to ethical behaviours, and the challenges of a globalized society on the verge of political, financial and emotional collapse. (shrink)

O presente artigo intenciona realizar uma breve investigação da relação dialética subjetividade-objetividade numa perspectiva emancipatória da classe oprimida. Com efeito, nosso objeto de estudo, a pedagogia do oprimido em Paulo Freire, será analisado numa perspectiva dialógica com o pensamento marxiano, com vistas a encontrar algumas marcas fundamentais da contribuição do filósofo alemão na constituição do ideário crítico freiriano. Destacamos aqui que o problema central da pesquisa, qual seja: a relação mundo e consciência, institui-se como problema indeclinável para o processo de (...) luta histórica e social. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por escopo principal indicar em que medida a diferença ontológica, sustentada pela filosofia de Martin Heidegger, pode, a partir do jogo da verdade do ser, servir de índice para se pensar uma concepção do divino que, através da dinâmica fenomenológica pautada pelo movimento de re-velamento, recusa-se a toda e qualquer objetivação em última instância, preservando assim sua dimensão de abertura de sentido. Para isto, devemos nos ater àquela divindade que, para o referido pensador alemão, torna próprio este (...) acontecimento em sua modalidade mais radical: o último Deus. (shrink)

A pergunta pelo sentido do ser será aqui orientada para a afirmação do postulado de uma condição essencialmente precária do mortal, a partir da qual ele deverá ser radicalmente situado em seu horizonte histórico-metafísico fundamentalmente através do seu comprometimento existencial com uma abertura abissal do fenômeno de mundo que excede sua capacidade de apreensão.

Charles Darwin's curiosity had a remarkable childlike enthusiasm driven by an almost compulsive appetite for a constant process of discovery, which he never satiated despite his many voyages. He would puzzle about the smallest things, from the wonders of barnacles to the different shapes, colours and textures of the beetles which he obsessively collected, from flowers and stems to birds, music and language, and would dedicate years to understanding the potential significance of everything he saw. Darwin's findings and theories relied (...) heavily on that same curiosity, on seeking and answering questions, however long these would take to clarify. His son Francis Darwin often recalls how "he would ask himself 'now what do you want to say' and his answer written down would often disentangle the confusion". In fact, "disentangling confusions" seems to have been the driving force behind Darwin's scientific pursuits, as he was struck with bewilderment when contemplating the luxuriousness of life. It was also the impetus for this book. The true implications of Darwin's legacy remain as controversial to the critics of our time as they were to his contemporaries. Darwin's impact within and beyond the biological sciences is both daunting and exhilarating, and attests to the need for an interdisciplinary approach by remaining a challenge to many scholars in the most diverse fields. The recent revival of his theories has opened a Pandora's box of different theoretical studies that are particularly receptive to exploring new and exciting angles of research. (shrink)

The demand for integrating and sharing heterogeneous data online has attracted the interest of cultural institutions in making information access and retrieval more effective via Semantic Web technologies. The present study proposes a digital repository for 3D scans of modernist sculptures in public spaces in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a view to ensuring access, use, reuse and preservation of this information. This is a qualitative exploratory experimental study based on the scientific literature and specific empirical material. (...) It presents the analysis results of vocabularies for physical artifact documents and their digital counterparts on the Semantic Web and a discussion on how these align with the nature of the metadata determined here, as well as a metadata modeling prototype implemented on the Tainacan platform and aimed at cataloging digital 3D replicas. We claim that the proposed model for documenting cultural heritage assets on Tainacan is easy to implement, in that it uses accessible technology with a wide internet user base, highly expressive in its descriptions of 3D and multimedia content and based on well-established metadata and ontology standards recommended by regulatory bodies and communities such as the World Wide Web Consortium and International Organization for Standardization. Keywords: networked heritage documents, digital repositories, 3D digitization, semantic annotation. (shrink)

There is much evidence that the relationship between religiosity/spirituality and mental health is linear and positive, but relatively few studies have included samples of non-religious participants in their analyses. Some findings suggest that, compared to people who have intermediate levels of R/S, those with higher levels and those with insignificant levels are mentally healthier. However, this curvilinear model does not appear to have been tested through a measure of spiritual beliefs and the comparison of different religious/spiritual groups. In view of (...) this, 1788 Brazilians were assessed in terms of their spiritual beliefs, their religious/spiritual experiences, and their positive and negative mental health components. We found curvilinear relationships between R/SE and all components of mental health, but the level of spiritual belief predicted only the variance in the meaning in life. With the exception of comparisons involving happiness, at least one of the groups that had intermediate levels of R/SE had worse mental health than the groups that had the highest and lowest levels. Although religious people and atheists had similar levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression, the former presented more happiness and meaning in life. Together, these findings corroborate the curvilinear model, but suggest that R/SE is related in different ways to the positive and negative components of mental health. (shrink)

Resenha do livro Indivíduo e Comunidade em Spinoza, de Alexandre Matheron.

Embora elaborada principalmente na década de 1970 a ética de Hans Jonas permanece atual e é particularmente relevante pelo uso da metafísica em um contexto pós-moderno (algo inusitado e ousado) e por sua teoria dos valores que podem ser atribuídos ao ser e ao não-ser. Pretende-se aqui apresentar as limitações que Jonas detectou nas éticas tradicionais (judaico-cristã, kantiana, por exemplo) e analisar as soluções por ele propostas (notadamente heurística do medo e futurologia comparada). Compreender também a fundamentação de tais soluções (...) (um dos maiores desafios da ética jonasiana). A pesquisa baseou-se em uma revisão bibliográfica que envolve a fonte primária, a obra de Jonas, e fontes secundárias. Constatou-se que a ética de Jonas surge da detecção de um niilismo tanto prático quanto teórico que permitiu um avanço desenfreado da técnica. É necessário então submeter a atividade humana à ética novamente. Para tanto foi utilizada uma ontologia que atribui relevância ética ao metabolismo (e não à razão). Deste modo, a ética da responsabilidade objetiva combater o niilismo e o ceticismo moral e supervisionar o progresso técnico, garantindo assim a existência de uma vida humana autêntica e de uma natureza que tem a si própria como fim. (shrink)

A filosofia política de Espinosa tem uma relação direta de constituição com sua ontologia, terreno no qual o conceito de potência é definido e a partir do qual suas propriedades no campo político podem ser deduzidas em sua pluralidade. Aqui realçamos alguns dos aspectos mais importantes para nossa pesquisa atual, que foca na realidade necessária do conflito na constituição da política e nas formas como a multiplicidade pode ser avaliada teórica e praticamente na constituição e na crítica das formas políticas (...) determinantes da sociabilidade. (shrink)

Tendo como base a produção poética de Walther von der Vogelweide, o presente artigo discute a representação da temática política nas cantigas do trovador alemão. Para tanto, propomos um diálogo entre Literatura e História, mais especificamente, entre as cantigas de Walther e a da Questão das Investiduras.

We aimed to characterize the age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and performance perception during the menstrual cycle and examined the impact of these reproductive variables on body composition, morphology, and body weight satisfaction in Brazilian elite futsal players. The study consisted of 115 female Brazilian elite futsal players from the top national teams. Data were collected during the twentieth Women’s Brazil Futsal Cup. Players were interviewed and self-reported their age of onset of training, age at (...) menarche, menstrual periodicity, and the menstrual period, where they performed best. We also asked for what they considered to be their ideal body weight as well as information related to their training. Subsequently, anthropometric measurements were performed to estimate the body composition and determine morphological characteristics. Fifty-nine players were postmenarche-trained and 52 were premenarche-trained. Eighteen, 65, and 28 were classified as early, normal, and late menarche, respectively. Only 11 and 1 had irregular menstrual cycles and were amenorrheic, respectively. Seventy-three, 23, and 9 reported that their game performance was the best at the follicular phase, menses, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. No associations between the four reproductive-related variables were found. Postmenarche-trained players had significant lower age at menarche and higher percentage body fat. The somatotype profile registered lower ectomorphy rate for the postmenarche-trained participants after controlling for covariates. Early menarche group presented higher sum of six skinfold thickness and endomorphy rate compared to normal and late menarche groups. No differences were found when menstrual periodicity groups and best performance groups were compared, except for higher femur width in the regular menstrual cycle group compared to the irregular one. The association between body weight satisfaction and the four reproductive-related variables were not observed. Premenarche-trained Brazilian elite futsal players had the menarche later than the postmenarche-trained athletes. Most of the participants had menarche age classified as “normal,” presented “regular” menstrual cycles and perceived to perform better during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. (shrink)

O foco deste trabalho é a compreensão da felicidade como fruto de práticas virtuosas, tal como sugere Sêneca. Aqui, são empregados pensamentos dispostos em quatro obras do pensador romano. O primeiro aparece em Sobre a clemência, escrita com a finalidade de tornar Nero um bom imperador. A beatitude verdadeira deveria consistir em proporcionar uma vida feliz a muitos. Desse modo, a felicidade de um governante só poderia ser a partir da felicidade do povo. A segunda ideia aparece em Sobre a (...) ira, onde a máxima regente é evitar a decepção por meio da ataraxia – a conformidade com a natureza. Aqui, a felicidade se encontra na redução das expectativas e no preparo/espera para as adversidades. A terceira concepção de felicidade aparece na sua Consolação à mãe Hélvia, escrita no exílio, para lembrar sua mãe de todas as infelicidades que já teve, pois, a infelicidade constante teria esta característica positiva: endurecer aqueles a quem incansavelmente persegue. Por fim, o conselho é afastar-se do caminho das multidões e entregar-se à filosofia, que é prática, e buscar o equilíbrio, fugindo dos prazeres frívolos, negando as voluptuosidades e exaltando a moral, típica do estoicismo romano. (shrink)

Without aiming to delve into the complex mechanism that marks the genesis of the political philosophy of Spinoza, this paper seeks to establish a dialogue with some interpretations of this theme in Balibar's comments, especially those that refer to a rational genesis of the political field in Espinosa's Ethic.

The concept of the singular thing and its ethical-political footprints, in Spinoza’s philosophy, guide the following text, which proposes to think together education and civility. With the Dutch philosopher, we learn that union and conflict are not contradictory terms, neither ethically nor politically; framing, therefore, an educational field of action poses the question of democracy as the foundation of a daily fight against fear and servitude. Thus, dealing with destruction - which is not in singular beings but arises in encounters (...) - and Spinoza’s idea of an exemplar of human nature open up space for us to characterize the political intensity of virtue as an effort to act freely and which passes through education. The text therefore points out times of education from the diversity of temporalities that act in the social and political body. (shrink)

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between coaches’ experience and their perceptions on the implementation of a long-term athletic development model created in 2016 by the Portuguese Swimming Federation. Eighty-six swimming coaches were assembled in groups according to their experience level: “novice”, “intermediate”, and “experienced”, and they answered a questionnaire with the following items: awareness of the existing model acceptance usefulness for practice, and implementation of this model by their peers. Regardless of experience, ~67% of the (...) coaches were aware of the model. Among those, a large number showed acceptance and confidence in its usefulness for their daily practice. Most coaches showed concerns about the fact that their peers do not respect the model frameworks, declaring the search for their swimmers’ immediate success as the main cause for such behavior. The results also showed an association between experience and knowledge about the model’s existence [χ2 = 10.223, p < 0.01, V = 0.345], and experienced coaches exhibited better knowledge than their intermediate [χ2 = 9.555, p < 0.01, V = 0.393] or novice [χ2 = 5.926, p = 0.02, V = 0.314] counterparts. While there was an association between the coaches’ experience and knowledge about the LTAD model’s existence, this situation does not seem to influence the way coaches accept and understand the usefulness of the model for their daily practice. (shrink)

Resumo: Esse texto visa passar em revista aspectos do pensamento estético de Immanuel Kant, bem como debater as formas pelas quais suas teorias acerca do juízo influenciam as suas mais agudas concepções acerca do processo formativo dos sujeitos e contribuem para sua compreensão de mundo. Kant empreendeu uma profunda análise a respeito das questões relativas aos juízos estéticos, a partir dos conceitos de belo e de sublime. Assim, o que se procura delinear aqui é o percurso realizado pelo filósofo na (...) abordagem do referido tema, ao passo que analisará as relações existentes entre sua teoria da arte e a questão do esclarecimento, eixo central do projeto filosófico kantiano. Palavras-chave: estética, belo, sublime, arte. (shrink)

“Geronimo” foi o codinome atribuído a Osama Bin Laden pelas forças especiais americanas. Muito antes dos ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001, “Geronimo” já vinha sendo procurado mundo afora. O após 11 de setembro, a procura foi apenas intensificada. Com a chegada de Barack Obama, foram implantadas diversas estratégias – como ampliação das forças especiais e utilização ostensiva de drones – para efetivamente neutralizar “Geronimo” e seus seguidores. Em 2 de maio de 2011 “Geronimo” foi, enfim, eliminado. Logo em (...) seguida, o presidente Obama começou a anunciar que a decade of war is ending. O núcleo das preocupações americanas não existia mais. Com isso, os Estados Unidos poderiam retornar majoritariamente os seus esforços a suas questões tradicionais e a seus problemas fundamentais, como a crise financeira. Em seu mais importante discurso nesse início de segundo mandato, proferido em maio de 2013, na National Defense University, o presidente Obama apresentou a estratégia americana para superar esses problemas e reabilitar seu lugar de protagonista incontornável do sistema internacional. O presente artigo analisa os significados dessa estratégia e algumas de suas possíveis consequências. (shrink)

RESUMO O texto propõe um retorno a alguns conceitos e filósofos relevantes para o debate sobre o contrato social no século XVII: a partir de certos princípios sobre os quais se assenta o alcance inovador e crítico da teoria hobbesiana, e vendo no contrato social um suporte causal para o entendimento e a intervenção política, procuro compreender em que sentido o conceito de transferência deve convir ao de poder absoluto do soberano e o que isso implica de crítica à ideia (...) de direito de resistência, como o entendia Althusius, e de defesa de uma ruptura radical entre tempos de guerra e de paz. Reconstruo com essa crítica a tese hobbesiana da obediência como fundamento da permanência da Cidade - e algumas consequências disso; finalmente, proponho uma hipótese sobre a obra de Espinosa que permita a desconstrução das ideias de transferência e de contrato, dentro de um campo de causalidade que põe o conflito e a resistência como constitutivos da própria sociabilidade, sem o essencial recurso ao conceito althusiano de representação, e sem o fundo despolitizador presente na teoria de Hobbes. ABSTRACT The text proposes a return to some relevant concepts and philosophers to debate about the social contract in the XVII century: from certain principles on which is based the innovative and critical reach of Hobbes's theory, and seeing in the social contract a causal support for political understanding and intervention, I seek to understand in what sense the concept of transference must agree with to that of absolute sovereign's power and how it implies a criticism to the ideia of right of resistance, as understood Althusius, and how it implies a defense of a radical break between times of war and peace. I rebuild, with this critique, the hobbesian thesis of obedience as foundation of permanence of the City - and some consequences of it. Finally, I propose a hypothesis about Spinoza's work that allows the deconstruction of transfer ideas and contract, within a causal field that puts the conflict and the resistance as constitutive items of sociability itself, without the essential resource to the althusian concept of representation and without the depoliticized background present in Hobbes's theory. (shrink)

The Complexo do Alemão, a group of 12 favelas in Rio de Janeiro, attracted the attention of Brazilian and International corporate media when the police and the army ‘pacified’ the favelas in 2010. Part of a broader political and economic project to make Rio de Janeiro ‘safe for large-scale events, pacification consists of seizing back territories from the control of drug dealers by installing permanent police units. This paper focuses on how different discourses on the ‘pacification’ of the Alemão simultaneously (...) entextualized and projected trajectories of reception, interpellation and agency. It also delineates different and competing communicable maps of these trajectories of signs. While looking at ethnographic evidence from local reception of mediatized signs and people’s own communicable maps, it draws attention to major gaps in communicable constructions of pacification, thus attempting to accentuate some complexities of Rio’s mainstream pragmatics of circulation. (shrink)

Este artigo tenta localizar alguns pontos nos quais pode se embasar a crítica de Espinosa à filosofia política utópica, esta muitas vezes baseada em uma noção transcendente de poder. Fazemos isso dando relevo a algumas noções, como a de experiência e a de indivíduo, além de focalizarmos a importância da noção de conatus no estabelecimento de uma ontologia da atualidade da natureza humana, na qual, do ponto de vista cognitivo, conhecimento imaginativo e racional afirmam ambos a atualidade dessa natureza humana (...) e permitem a proposição de regimes políticos baseados em tal atualidade. (shrink)

O presente artigo visa discutir a problemática filosófica do tempo a partir das perspectivas dos filósofos Empédocles e Kant, enfatizando o caráter cíclico do primeiro e as condições subjetivas de realização da temporalidade do segundo. Com isso, pretende-se não somente enfatizar a acuidade organizativa de seu conceito, como também verificar de que modo esses aspectos dialogam com expressões significativas temporais da contemporaneidade, em que se destaca o pensamento do filósofo francês Bernard Stiegler, para quem as mudanças socioeconômicas são de relevância (...) precípua para a constituição de uma nova perspectiva temporal, dessa vez regida por elementos externos que ameaçam decisivamente a individualidade dos diversos sujeitos. (shrink)

No século XXI, a produção e o consumo de informação acompanharam o ritmo da globalização e hoje, sem muito esforço, podemos saber do que aconteceu a poucos minutos em qualquer parte do planeta. Percebemos, no entanto, que a produção dessa informação, bem como sua circulação, não acontece de forma livre e democrática. Há várias forças em jogo que fazem da comunicação uma ferramenta de manipulação social.

O presente artigo traz à baila uma reflexão teórico-narrativa acerca daquela que tem sido chamada «Espiritualidade Martirial». A conceituação sobre espiritualidade e martírio deu-se por meio de pesquisa exploratório-bibliográfica. A discussão central foi tecida em diálogo, sobretudo, com os estudos teológicos de Casaldáliga, Sobrino e Gutierrez. As conclusões apontam no sentido de que a Espiritualidade Martirial não está relacionada ao desejo de ser mártir. Tampouco o martírio relaciona-se à concepção de sacrifício cruento como redentor de pecado. A Espiritualidade Martirial diz (...) respeito à fidelidade ao Evangelho do perseguido e mártir, Jesus de Nazaré. De igual modo, diz respeito à fidelidade à realidade histórica atual e concreta na qual o cristão deve anunciar boas notícias aos pobres e denunciar a injustiça estrutural. Por fim, diz respeito à memória da morte dos inocentes e à fileira dos seguidores de Jesus que foram martirizados. (shrink)